ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters and whole salivary levels of interleukin [IL]-1Beta and IL-6 among type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with and without peri-implantitis
Material and Methods: Ninety-one implants were placed in patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus [39 patients with and 52 patients without peri-implantitis; group 1]. Eighty implants were placed in patients with diabetes [35 patients with and 45 patients without peri-implantitis; group 2]. Peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and marginal bone loss were measured. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and IL-1Beta and IL-6 levels were measured using standard techniques. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: In group 1, plaque index [p < 0.001], bleeding on probing [p < 0.001], probing depth [p < 0.001], and whole salivary IL-1Beta [p < 0.001] and IL-6 [p < 0.001] levels were significantly higher in patients with peri-implantitis than in those without peri-implantitis. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and marginal bone loss were comparable among all of the patients in group 2. Among patients with peri-implantitis, plaque index [p < 0.001], bleeding on probing [p < 0.001], probing depth [p < 0.001], marginal bone loss [p < 0.001], and whole salivary IL-1â [p < 0.001] and IL-6 [p < 0.001] levels were significantly higher in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes
Conclusion: Among individuals without diabetes, peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, marginal bone loss, and whole salivary IL-1 Beta and IL-6 levels were higher among patients with peri-implantitis compared to patients without peri-implantitis. Among patients with diabetes, the severity of the measured parameters appears to be influenced by the glycemic status rather than by peri-implantitis
ABSTRACT
Obesity, particularly childhood obesity is common in the Middle East, but no studies have examined the relationship of sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD] or abdominal height to conventional markers of obesity in this region. This is the first study to document the association of SAD with measures of obesity among Arab children and adolescents. Nine hundred sixty-four Saudi children aged 5-1 7 years [365 prepubertal, including 146 boys and 219 girls; 249 pubertal, including 125 boys and 124 girls; and 350 postpubertal, including 198 boys and 152 girls] were included in this cross-sectional study. SAD was significantly correlated with indices of obesity regardless of gender, but was strongest among pubertal boys. The cut-off values were as follows: for prepubertal children, 14 cm [equivalent to 50th percentile among girls and 60th percentile among boys]; for pubertal children, 15 cm for girls [30th percentile] and 16 cm for boys [50th percentile], and for postpubertal, 21.5 cm for girls [70th percentile] and 22 cm for boys [80th percentile]. SAD is a reliable indicator of visceral obesity among Arab children and adolescents in particular. Prospective studies should be done to determine whether such an association translates to a promising risk factor for hard endpoints such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease